Having been alerted to the approach of additional Russian coastal units from Sveaborg, the Swedish forces moved to intercept them before they could link up with the Russian coastal unit now bottled up at Åbo. By the end of July the small forces Sweden had landed and the men that had supported them were either beaten or withdrawn back to their ships.[16]. The Russians gained the main body of the Swedish archipelago fleet intact as well as large stores of supplies and munitions. Enter your email address to follow this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email. These raids caused much confusion, and Russian responses to them thinned their strength along the coast. Swedish attempts to land troops and artillery in support of the gunboats at Vestankärr on 02 August ended in failure, though the attempt came very close to capturing General Friedrich Wilhelm von Buxhoeveden. The established name is Finnish War which is a translation from Swedish Finska kriget. Almost all Finnish soldiers in Sweden (most of them in the Umeå area) were repatriated after the war. The Swedish advance was very slow however, as operations were often halted due to the thaw. The Russian advance was swift. However, owing to bad weather, only a portion of the troops that had been intended to participate in the landing actually reached the Finnish coast, and this resulted in another withdrawal on 28 September. After the Russians were driven from Central Finland, their forces stretched along the line of Pori — Tampere — Mikkeli. Then in the spring, counterattack simultaneously from north and south, when the Swedish army would have naval support and the Russian army would be spread over Finland and thus have long supply lines. After the Russian Emperor Alexander I concluded the 1807 Treaty of Tilsit with Napoleon, Alexander, in his letter on 24 September 1807 to the Swedish King Gustav IV Adolf, informed the king that the peaceful relations between Russia and Sweden depended on Swedish agreement to abide by the limitations of the Treaty of Tilsit which in practice meant that Sweden would have been required to follow the Continental System. Back. [7], The Swedish fortress of Svartholm, commanded by Major Carl Magnus Gripenberg, was ill-prepared for a war. He instead entered into negotiations with Britain in order to prepare a joint attack against Denmark, whose Norwegian possessions he coveted. Russia, supported by France and its numerous allies (including Denmark ) and Sweden were supported by Britain . In the meantime, the Royal Navy attacked Copenhagen and the Anglo-Russian War (1807–1812) was declared. Learning that the Russians intended to go around the island of Kimito (Finnish: Kimitoön), a Swedish force of gunboats was deployed to the narrows. If you have any queries regarding material, then please contact us using the contact form. The level of detail was so great that Russian maps of Finland were in many respects more accurate than their Swedish counterparts. Three days later, Buxhoeveden — pressed by the early onset of winter weather — signed an armistice, much to the dismay of Alexander I. A few months later, on 6 January 1810, the Russian government mediated the Treaty of Paris between Sweden and France. [9], The Russians had advanced considerably but they had also gained the long and vulnerable coastline with it. On the first day of the war they had captured the town of Lovisa and besieged the Swedish sea fortress of Svartholm. By the end of July the small forces Sweden had landed and the men that had supported them were either beaten or withdrawn back to their ships. Six days later, the czar arrived in Åbo and, on learning about the truce, not only revoked Knorring’s signature but named Barclay de Tolly as the new Commander-in-Chief. The king, who viewed Napoleon as the Antichrist and Britain as his ally against Napoleon’s France, was apprehensive of the system’s ruinous consequences for Sweden’s maritime commerce. An exception was the brigade under Colonel Johan August Sandels, which swiftly advanced towards Kuopio. In addition, several new good roads had been built into Finland greatly reducing the earlier dependency on naval support for any large operation in Finland.[2]. In May, the Russians suffered further setbacks when they were driven from Gotland and Åland, where a Swedish flotilla, supported by the local population, compelled the small Russian force left on the main island of Fasta Åland to surrender, and then invaded the island of Kumlinge where the bulk of the Russian garrison on the Åland Islands was based. As a result of the war, the eastern third of Sweden was established as the autonomous Grand Duchy of Finland within the Russian… Had the king accepted the landing of 10,000 British troops in Skåne, where the expeditionary force had been authorized to disembark, it would have enabled the Swedes to release at least 10,000 trained soldiers for the Finnish War. He was notified of the Russian invasion already on 21 February and since it was impossible to hold the predefined defence lines as the army had not yet fully assembled he ordered the army to assemble at Tavastehus (Finnish: Hämeenlinna). On 14 August, Count Nikolay Kamensky decided to use this numerical superiority to launch a new offensive. He instead entered into negotiations with Britain in order to prepare a joint attack against Denmark, whose Norwegian possessions he coveted. Kamensky's 11,000-strong corps achieved important victories at Kuortane (1 September) and Salmi (2 September), and although Georg Carl von Döbeln won the Battle of Jutas for Sweden on 13 September, Kamensky gained the most important victory at Oravais on 14 September. More Royal Navy ships (including HMS Victory, Mars, Goliath, and Africa) arrived to oversee a blockade of the Russian fleet at Baltiyskiy Port which continued until the sea started to freeze. These raids caused much confusion, and Russian responses to them thinned their strength along the coast. By November 1808, Russian forces had overrun all of Finland. By G. Frilund. Due to bad weather and poor visibility the fleet under Admiral Rudolph Cederström chose to stay relatively far from the coast. Referring to the treaties of 1780 and 1800, the emperor demanded that Gustav Adolf close the Baltic Sea to all foreign warships. Second Swedish Retreat. [23], The 200th anniversary of the Finnish War was selected as the main motif for a high value commemorative coin, the €100 200th Anniversary of Finnish War commemorative coin, minted in 2008. The Russians, however, were able to send reinforcements to the area which were, in addition to being numerically superior, both far better trained and equipped than the peasants and militia the Swedes had raised. This reduced his unit to 4,000 troops, which proved insufficient to pacify the hostile country. Instead the Russians laid siege against Sveaborg. Von Vegesack instead chose to land his force at the Lemo (Finnish: Lemu) manor house a few kilometers south of Åbo. The Finnish War (Swedish: Finska kriget, Russian: Финляндская война, Finnish: Suomen sota) was fought between the Kingdom of Sweden and the Russian Empire from 21 February 1808 to 17 September 1809. Fighting ended in a stalemate, but can be viewed as a Swedish failure since they failed to decisively defeat the Russians. Capture of the main body of the Swedish archipelago fleet had resulted in a real advantage to the Russians since it allowed them to gain superiority in the narrow waters of the Finnish archipelago where large ships of the line could not operate. Swedish patrol ships (consisting of armed merchant vessels) scouted and raided the coast, taking Russians prisoners to Åland. [3], Russia had gathered a wealth of information from Finland using spies and other sources. He was to lead a force of 2,600 men, land somewhere between Nystad (Finnish: Uusikaupunki) and Åbo, and then capture the latter. On Sept. 17, 1809, Sweden lived through one of the darkest days in its history. Release Calendar DVD & Blu-ray Releases Top Rated Movies Most Popular Movies Browse Movies by Genre Top Box Office Showtimes & Tickets Showtimes & Tickets In Theaters Coming Soon Coming Soon Movie News India Movie Spotlight. What is the Occupational Physical Assessment Test (OPAT)? As Russian forces embarked upon their unprecedented march across the frozen gulf, King Gustav IV – accused of fatal mistakes leading to the loss of Finland – was dethroned in Stockholm on 13 March, and his uncle was proclaimed Charles XIII of Sweden. English: Finnish War (1808–1809) Suomi: Suomen sota (1808–1809) Русский: ... Media in category "Finnish War" The following 29 files are in this category, out of 29 total. Even the strongest of the Swedish fortresses, Sveaborg, still had several of its planned fortifications missing, most notably all the land side fortifications designed to protect against a besieging enemy. Pikeman's Lament - Finnish War battles of Pyhäjoki 1808 There has been quite a lot of talking about running a campaign of Finnish War 1808 -09. Imgur: The magic of the Internet. Sufficient stocks of supplies had not been prepared for the Swedish army, since King Gustaf IV Adolf thought it might be taken as provocative by the Russians. With the Royal Navy supporting the Swedish battle fleet there was little the Russian battle fleet could accomplish. Da Wikipedia, l'enciclopedia libera. Russia would create the Grand Duchy of Finland from the territory obtained from Sweden, and would attach the areas gained from Sweden in the 18th century (including so-called Old Finland) to the new Grand Duchy. After the sea would be clear of ice there would be nothing to prevent Swedish forces from landing troops on the shore. Forces in Savolax (Finnish: Savo) were to press hard against the Swedes and reach the Gulf of Bothnia towards Uleåborg (Finnish: Oulu) and Vasa (Finnish: Vaasa) to cut off the retreat of the main body of the Swedish army. They met the Russians first at Tallholmen on 21 July and again on 2 August in the Battle of Sandöström. On 17 September, the Swedes landed again, this time at Lokalax (Finnish: Lokalahti), while the coastal fleet covering the landing managed to keep the Russians away in the Battle of Palva Sund on 18 September. As a result of the war, the eastern third of Sweden was established as the autonomous Grand Duchy of Finland within the Russian Empire. Hostilities thus continued until May, when Shuvalov finally reached Umeå, where he was succeeded by Kamensky. Before the engagement started Klingspor finally arrived on 02 March and assumed command. Defenses were strong enough to prevent the Russians from trying to storm the fortress by surprise. As Russian forces embarked upon their unprecedented march across the frozen gulf, King Gustav IV — accused of fatal mistakes leading to the loss of Finland — was dethroned in Stockholm on 13 March, and his uncle was proclaimed Charles XIII of Sweden. The motif on the coin is the passage of Finland from Sweden to Russia. In Eastern Finland, the guerrilla movement was gradually extinguished. Due to bad weather and poor visibility the fleet under Admiral Rudolph Cederström chose to stay relatively far from the coast. Per altri usi, vedere finlandese Guerra (disambigua). An exception was the brigade under Colonel Johan August Sandels, which swiftly advanced towards Kuopio. Upon approaching the coast on 21 June, Cederström learned that the Russians had already passed the cape some time earlier. TV Shows. 1, СПБ, 1889. The allied fleet moved on 25 August 1808 to engage the Russian fleet, which turned and attempted to reach the relative safety of Baltiyskiy Port. A Russian battle fleet under Admiral Pyotr Khanikov (also Chanikoff) sortied in late July to clear the Swedish blockades in the archipelago, to cut contact between Åland and Sweden, and to stop Swedish supply transports sailing in the Gulf of Bothnia. The motivation behind the reforms were to make the Swedish state more effective and functional, and thus protect against the existential threat in the East. [11], Major General Eberhard von Vegesack was chosen to lead the first Swedish army to Finland. Most of the Swedish plans assumed that warfare would be impossible during winter, disregarding the lessons from recent wars. Sweden performed several small landings along the coast near Kristinestad (Finnish: Kristiinankaupunki) and Kaskö (Finnish: Kaskinen) and managed to raise local men to oppose the Russians. Borgå (Finnish: Porvoo) was captured on 24 February and Helsingfors (Finnish: Helsinki) on 2 March. The Russians, however, managed to gather a force of 3,000 men which was able to force the ill-trained Swedes to withdraw. The king had thought it impossible to defend Finland should the enemy attack during the winter and chose largely to ignore the repeated warnings of the Russian threat he received in early 1808. The Russians, however, managed to gather a force of 3,000 men which was able to force the ill-trained Swedes to withdraw. For example, the Swedish archipelago fleet’s ships that been docked in Åbo (nearly 50 gun sloops) were torched to prevent their capture. . The Swedish battlefleet which had been expelling Russians from Gotland was ordered to blockade the Hangö Peninsula and reached the cape on 10 June. To prevent the Russians from gaining strength, the Swedish coastal fleet's unit under Rear Admiral Claes Hjelmstjerna tried to engage them twice in battle. Then in the spring, counterattack simultaneously from north and south, when the Swedish army would have naval support and the Russian army would be spread over Finland and thus have long supply lines. Swedish patrol ships (consisting of armed merchant vessels) scouted and raided the coast, taking Russians prisoners to Åland. Skirmishes and landings continued in the Finnish archipelago from late summer into autumn. 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