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His campaign showed his native political wisdom when he sided with popular issues in a somewhat opportunistic manner. In the letter, Manuel Quezon writes concerning a provision of a subscription to his publication. He moved to the US in 1909 as one of two resident commissioners of the US House of Representatives, in which position he lobbied for the passage of the Philippine Autonomy Act. (17 December 1915): 71. To regularize his possession of the land, Aguinaldo had to pay the assessed value set at P200,000, perhaps even more if someone bid against him at the auction. 4Roger Soiset, “Quezon, Manuel Luis,” American National Biography 18 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1999): 28–29; Michael Cullinane, “The Politics of Collaboration in Tayabas Province: The Early Political Career of Manuel Luis Quezon, 1903–1906,” in Reappraising an Empire: New Perspectives on Philippine-American History, ed. In 1907 the Philippines began sending two Resident Commissioners to the U.S. Congress to lobby on behalf of the territory’s interests. In the Anti-Imperialist League Papers, 1903-1922, 597 items and 5 volumes. He also amended the tenancy act and introduced a tenancy law for the landless Filipino farmers. Eagle of the Philippines: President Manuel Quezon. Rebirth of a Nation and Its Most Phenomenal Statesman Quezon. With Sergio Osmeña’s help, Quezon sidestepped Harrison, drafting a new independence bill with the cooperation of the Wilson administration in Washington.50, Quezon’s new proposal postponed independence for almost a generation and gave the President a say in the Philippines’ affairs, but it also transferred much of the daily management of the islands to the Filipino people. Although he once fought against the United States during its invasion of the islands in the early 1900s, Quezon quickly catapulted himself into a Resident Commissioner seat by the sheer force of his personality and natural political savvy. In 1907 Quezon ran successfully as candidate for the Phi… The action of the House tonight makes the fight for independence harder. The bill, which Jones put his name on after party leaders gave it the go-ahead, set an independence date eight years later and provided for the creation of a Philippine senate. If the alternative was the status quo, “I am for the Clarke amendment body and soul,” he said.71, Despite Quezon’s impassioned remarks, enough Democrats teamed up with Republicans to vote down Clarke’s “poison pill.” Jones offered a few changes in keeping with the Clarke amendment, but when those failed as well, the chairman submitted his own Philippine bill, which more or less mirrored the one the House passed at the end of the 63rd Congress and which contained the “stable” government provision. 1Congressional Record, House, 64th Cong., 1st sess. He worked the angles in Washington to influence territorial appointments and lobbied for changes to the Philippine commission.47 In August Quezon won a substantial victory when he convinced President Wilson to appoint Democrat Francis Burton Harrison of New York, a supporter of independence and a powerful member of the House Ways and Means Committee, as the Philippines’ new governor general.48, Quezon thought highly of Harrison, and Harrison returned the sentiment, later calling the Resident Commissioner “one of the greatest safety-valves” Manila had in Washington. In fact, at the time, American administrators regulated much of the Philippines’ civil activity and very little formal political organization existed outside Manila.11 Following a trip to the capital for a convention of provincial governors in late 1906, Quezon, in the hopes of laying the groundwork for a shot at national office, joined the Partido Independista Immediatista, which pushed for immediate Philippine independence.12 In 1907 the opportunity came. Quezon was so frequently in Mr. Cline’s committee room that he began to take on the mannerisms of a native-born Indianan, although his language was a little out of joint with the Hoosier dialect.”41, Along with Cline, Quezon cultivated other more powerful allies in the House, including Democrat William A. Jones of Virginia, who chaired the Insular Affairs Committee. 67Stanley, A Nation in the Making: 221; House Committee on Insular Affairs, Political Status of the Philippine Islands, 64th Cong., 1st sess., H. Rept. He resigned from the governorship and ran for the Tayabas seat in the Philippines’ first national assembly, which would function much like the U.S. House and was created by a delayed provision in the Organic Act of 1902. This important chapter in history has been largely forgotten in the … The couple had four children, Maria Aurora, Maria Zeneida, Manuel Luis Jr., and Luisa Corazon Paz. The bill also lengthened the general term of service for Filipino Resident Commissioners to four years and raised their office budgets to match those of the rest of Congress.33, It was not until the fall of 1912 that the assembly and the commission reached a deal. “Fillipinos [sic] are not, as yet, a happy people,” Quezon said, hinting at his gradual strategy to win greater autonomy while playing up his nationalist bona fides.30, In the fall of 1910, the policy differences between Legarda and Quezon and, consequently, between the Philippine commission and the assembly threw their re-election into chaos. Peter W. Stanley (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1984): 64–69; Peter W. Stanley, “Quezon, Manuel Luis, (Aug. 19, 1878–Aug. 31Stanley, A Nation in the Making: 168–169. 58Congressional Record, Appendix, 63rd Cong., 2nd sess. Manuel, the eldest of three sons, and his brothers, Pedro and Teodorico, were taught at home by a local parish priest. Manuel L. Quezon was born as Manuel Luís Quezon y Molina on August 19, 1878, in Baler in the district of El Príncipe, which is now known as Aurora, named after his wife. 85“Family of Late Filipino Chief in Southland,” 4 November 1944, Los Angeles Times: 3; “Quezon’s Body Starts for Manila Tuesday,” 29 June 1946, New York Times: 19. Soon after assuming the presidential office, Quezon introduced several policies aimed at reorganizing various sections of the government. Often he abandoned consistency for the sake of pursuing what to his enemies was nothing but plain demagoguery. New York: J. Messner, 1970. Hoping to shore up his standing back home before the upcoming election, he anxiously looked for a way to put an independence bill on the floor of the House. 1861-1961, 8,100 items. (December 03, 2020), Office of the HistorianOffice of Art and Archives 12Cullinane, Ilustrado Politics: 251, 256, 274. 82Eugenio S. De Garcia, “The Man Quintin Paredes,” 5 September 1934, Philippines Herald Mid-Week Magazine: 3; “Osias Will Return to D.C. Tomorrow,” 22 December 1933, Washington Post: 12; “Filipinos Reappoint Guevara, Drop Osias,” 21 August 1934, Christian Science Monitor: 5. Although he spent his life striving to win independence for the Philippines, Manuel Quezon did not live to see the birth of the republic of the Philippines on July 4, 1946. View Record in the Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress. Manuel L. Quezon Less renowned, however, is Quezon’s role in saving over 1,300 Jews from Nazi persecution. (1 May 1916): 2225. 38 (Manila, PI: Bureau of Printing, 1911), https://archive.org/details/aqw4348.0001.001.umich.edu (accessed 10 February 2016). 29: 147–152. He was also editor of a Spanish newspaper, El Nuevo Día, in Cebu City. He was also considered one of the best poker players during his lifetime. The President also met with Chairman Jones to discuss the situation in February that year. However, in January 2008, House Representative Rodolfo Valencia of Oriental Mindoro filed a bill seeking instead to declare General Miguel Malvaras the second Philippine President, having … It is not entirely clear why Quezon wanted the position in Washington—one biographer has conjectured that Quezon wanted to be the hero who brought independence to the Philippines— but in 1909 he sought the Resident Commissioner seat occupied by Nacionalista Pablo Ocampo. Republicans moved to table the legislation, but Quezon fought them point by point, arguing that the looming threat of a world war made Philippine autonomy more important than ever. 56Congressional Record, House, 63rd Cong., 2nd sess. McCoy, Policing America’s Empire: 96–97, 109–111, 187–188, quotation on p. 111. Quezon’s parents eventually became schoolteachers, which allowed the family to live comfortably in Baler. 17“Quezon for Ocampo’s Seat,” 11 May 1909, Manila Times: 1. 3 Notwithstanding the fact that he is remembered only as a nationalist hero, Manuel Quezon was a shrewd politician. 51Garrison to Wilson, 19 January 1914, in The Papers of Woodrow Wilson, vol. If he backed the amendment, Stanley observed, the Philippines would likely become independent quicker than originally planned. (28 September 1914): 15838, 15845. Manuel L. Quezon was a statesman, soldier, and politician who was the first elected Filipino to head a government of the entire Philippines, even though he is considered the second president of the country after Emilio Aguinaldo. Manuel L. Quezon began working as a clerk and surveyor, and was appointed treasurer in Mindoro in 1905. As the Second World War broke out, he reshuffled the cabinet and made drastic changes in the government structure to prepare for a Japanese invasion. Manila: Bacani's Press, 2006. The assembly and the commission selected one candidate each, which the opposite chamber then had to ratify. At the same time that the Filipino community in the United States was taking shape, Quezon’s relationship with his countrymen on American soil changed. “My opinion is that we don’t so much need to have delegates here as to have a press,” he confessed to a friend back home, “and money which has to be spent for delegates ought to be spent on publication.”25, Calling the Capitol “at once the best university and the nicest playhouse in the world,” Quezon wandered the corridors of the new House Office Building (now the Cannon building) strategically bantering with Members and journalists.26 He was a bachelor and naturally gregarious, and he frequently mingled with Congressmen and administration officials at dinner parties and long lunches. 910 (1911). You have a country. Quezon the President. Message of His Excellency Manuel L. Quezon President of the Philippines In connection with the Observance of Rizal Day [Delivered in the United States, December 30, 1942] ... Our country has been the meeting-ground of the … (1 May 1916): 7158; Congressional Record, House, 65th Cong., 2nd sess. "Manuel L. Quezon" in Asian and Pacific Islander Americans in Congress, 1900-2017. Same year, he also established the Nacionalista Party with his friend Sergio Osmena. Throughout his post-congressional tenure, Quezon held near-dictatorial sway over the Partido Nacionalista, either personally selecting or approving each of the next nine Philippine Resident Commissioners. He leveraged the Resident Commissioner position as a means to solidify his support in Manila, enabling him to virtually exile political opponents. While still in exile in the US, he died from tuberculosis on August 1, 1944, at a 'cure cottage' in Saranac Lake, New York. Because Legarda opposed immediate independence, the assembly refused to certify his nomination. He gave up private practice to assume the post of provincial fiscal of Mindoro and later of Tayabas. In 1888 Quezon left Baler to attend Colegio de San Juan de Letran in Manila, graduating in 1894. Tags: Manuel L. Quezon, messages. Manuel L. Quezon: A Register of His Papers in the National Library. On the agricultural field, he fixed many loopholes in the Rice Share Tenancy Act of 1933, allowing the redistribution of agricultural land to tenant farmers. He beat Emilio Aguinaldo and Gregorio Aglipay with 68% votes. Quezon initially attended a public school established by the Spanish government, but later completed his secondary education from the Colegio de San Juan de Letran. 20Quirino, Quezon: Paladin of Philippine Freedom: 89; Frank H. Golay, Face of Empire: United States–Philippine Relations, 1898–1946 (Manila, PI: Ateneo de Manila University Press, 1998): 165–166. 70“Will Keep Philippines,” 2 May 1916, Washington Post: 1; Congressional Record, House, 64th Cong., 1st sess. 38Congressional Record, House, 62nd Cong., 2nd sess. Attic, Thomas Jefferson BuildingWashington, D.C. 20515(202) 226-1300, Image courtesy of the Library of Congress. 21Quezon, The Good Fight: 114–115; Felix F. Gabriel, “Manuel L. Quezon As Resident Commissioner, 1909–1916,” Philippine Historical Bulletin (September 1962): 254. The two Americans soon adopted Quezon as a protégé.6, As a result, Quezon routinely walked a fine line, balancing the colonial agenda of his powerful American associates, the interests of Philippine nationalists, and his own career ambitions. On the other hand, if an ally broke ranks with him on the Hill, Quezon was quick to name a replacement.82. Married Life. 34Manuel L. Quezon Certificate of Election (endorsed 22 November 1912), Committee on Elections (HR63-AJ1), 63rd Congress, Records of the U.S. House of Representatives, Record Group 233, National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, DC; Philippines National Assembly, Diario de Sesiones de la Asamblea Filipina, Tomo VIII (Manila, PI: Bureau of Printing, 1913): 160–161; Stanley, A Nation in the Making: 181–182. In 1935, Manuel L. Quezon headed a Filipino delegation to the US, which witnessed US President Franklin Roosevelt signing a new constitution for the Philippines to grant it semi-autonomous commonwealth status. Emilio Aguinaldo, who had served in 1899-1901 during the Philippine-American War, is usually called the first president. 10At the time, the provincial governors were not directly elected. The new film “Quezon’s Game” tells the little-known history of Manuel Quezon’s single-handed rescue of Jewish refugees from Nazi Germany. 23Michael Paul Onorato argues that Quezon opposed complete independence, preferring a permanent political link to the United States. History, Art & Archives, U.S. House of Representatives, “QUEZON, Manuel L.,” https://history.house.gov/People/Listing/Q/QUEZON,-Manuel-L--(Q000009)/ The papers of Manuel Luis Quezon contain correspondence, speeches, articles, and other papers relating to all phases of his career in the Philippines. When the Japanese forces invaded the Philippines on December 8, 1941, Quezon and the top government officials evacuated to Corregidor, then fled to Mindanao in a submarine, and finally reached the United States via Australia. 29Congressional Record, House, 61st Cong., 2nd sess. National Library [Philippines]. In the Frank W. Carpenter Papers, ca. 7According to McCoy, even after Quezon became Resident Commissioner, he continued to spy on Philippine radicals for America’s colonial administrators. He told the Senate Committee on the Philippines that it was not ideal, but the measure was about as good as he thought he could win.65 After approving the markup, the Senate committee pressed Congress to quickly pass this second version of the Jones bill.66, Things came to a screeching halt in January 1916, however, when Democratic Senator James Clarke of Arkansas offered an amendment replacing the preamble’s “stable” government requirement with a provision requiring the United States to pull out of the Philippines completely within four years. President Quezon’s sympathy toward the Jewish refugees, known as Manilaners, was underscored on April 23, 1940, when he donated 7.5 hectares of his own country estate in … Reprint, New York: AMS Press, 1974. Manuel L. Quezon was a social justice champion, and he introduced laws to set a minimum wage and limit workdays to eight-hours. (28 September 1914): 15843; Congressional Record, House, 63rd Cong., 2nd sess. In one conversation after another, Quezon leaned on McIntyre at the Insular Bureau for support, knowing full well that Harrison would fight back.51, Quezon sought similar assurances from the President, and after meeting with Wilson in early 1914, the Resident Commissioner believed he had at least the conditional support of the White House. 71Congressional Record, Appendix, 64th Cong., 1st sess. Early in his push, Quezon reportedly formed a close partnership with Democrat Cyrus Cline of Indiana. Filipiniana Division. 13Quirino, Quezon: Paladin of Philippine Freedom: 78. Quezon: Thoughts and Anecdotes About Him and His Fights. In the Frederic S. Marquardt Papers, 1920-1981, 1 linear foot. 1946. (1 May 1912): 5698–5703. In 1900, he was imprisoned for six months for allegedly murdering an American prisoner of war. Quezon: Paladin of Philippine Freedom. In the Eleanor M. Bumgardner Papers, 1919-1967, 8.2 linear feet and 9 volumes. Other authors include Manuel Luis Quezon. See also Stanley, A Nation in the Making: 213–214, quotation on p. 213. 40Francis Burton Harrison, The Corner-Stone of Philippine Independence: A Narrative of Seven Years (New York: The Century Co., 1922): 47. In the Theodore Roosevelt Papers, ca. 2 (1989): 221–239. Harrison wanted to hand over the archipelago’s government to the Filipinos as quickly as possible, according to one historian of the era, but Quezon, like other party leaders in Manila, knew the islands would stumble if America pulled its resources too quickly. With an introduction by Alejandro R. Roces. 32Philippine Assembly, Election of Resident Commissioners to the United States, 2nd Legislature, 1st sess., 1911, Document No. Rodriguez, Eulogio Balan, ed. (6 October 1914): 16217, 16234; Congressional Record, House, 63rd Cong., 2nd sess. During a career that spanned the length of America’s colonial rule in the Philippines, Manuel L. Quezon held an unrivaled grasp upon territorial politics that culminated with his service as the commonwealth’s first president. Cline had studied the situation in the Philippines and believed he could make independence a reality. He gave up private practice to assume the post of provincial fiscal of Mindoro and later of Tayabas. This important chapter in history has been largely forgotten in the … A finding aid is available in the repository. As a formal political party, however, its reach never extended far outside the capital. 81See Bernadita Reyes Churchill, The Philippine Independence Missions to the United States, 1919–1934 (Manila, PI: National Historical Institute, 1983). 1780-1962, 33 linear feet. Compared to the Philippines’ older, more staid Resident Commissioner, Progresista Benito Legarda, Quezon displayed a flashier style. His Spanish parents were Lucio Quezón and María Dolores Molina. 3There is some conflicting information surrounding Quezon’s family history. Already fluent in Spanish, Tagalog, and the local dialects in Tayabas, Quezon recalled the “most serious obstacle to the performance of my duties in Washington was my very limited knowledge of the English language.” He hired a tutor, but soon began teaching himself using a Spanish–English dictionary to read books, magazines, and newspapers.21 His American friends gave him the nickname Casey, an anglicization of Quezon.22, Quezon’s first term in Congress was relatively quiet legislatively. He secured the passage of the Tydings–McDuffie Act in 1934. Manuel L. Quezon: A Register of his papers in the National Library. Manila: Filipiniana Book Guild, 1971. In 1907, he was elected as the majority floor leader and chairman of the inaugural Philippine Assembly, which later became the House of Representatives. 39McCoy, Policing America’s Empire: 256; Quirino, Quezon: Paladin of Philippine Freedom: 96–97. In reality, however, it was his boss Manuel Quezon who ordered him to stay because someone will have to meet the Japanese. A register is available in the library. “ I would rather have a country run like hell by Filipinos than a country run like heaven by the Americans, because however a bad Filipino government might be, we can always change it. In 1906 he was elected provincial governor. He also saved nearly 2,500 European Jews from the Holocaust, for which he was posthumously bestowed the Wallenberg Medal by the International Raoul Wallenberg Foundation. Arthur Link (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1979): 147–152. 64Senate Committee on the Philippines, Future Political Status of the People of the Philippine Islands, 64th Cong., 1st sess., S. Rept. To become president of the Commonwealth in 1935, Quezon had to defeat his political rivals, Sergio Osmeña in particular. Shortly after, he matriculated to the University of Santo Tomas, also in Manila, to study law.4, About a year later, however, Quezon left school and returned home during the Philippines’ revolution against Spain. Quirino, Carlos. 66Future Political Status of the People of the Philippine Islands: 3. He argued in favor of a bill that would place the friar lands under the same size restrictions put on the sale of other public lands. 24Gabriel, “Manuel L. Quezon As Resident Commissioner, 1909–1916”: 254. Belying his inexperience—he had been in politics less than two years—Quezon deftly maneuvered past two other candidates and overcame shifting alliances to win his seat.10, As a local politician, Quezon had not yet aligned with any national political party. In November Quezon recommended Manuel Earnshaw, a conservative industrialist with little political experience, as a replacement for Legarda, who wanted to retire from politics anyway. Quezon hustled to iron out a deal, but the 63rd Congress closed without a solution.63, The 64th Congress picked up Quezon’s bill right away, naming it H.R. Also Known As: Manuel Luis Quezón y Molina, Famous as: Former President of the Philippines, children: Jr, Luisa Corazon Paz Quezon, Ma. According to a recent study by Alfred W. McCoy, a leading historian of the Philippines, Quezon—in an arrangement that seemed equal parts quid pro quo and extortion—worked as an informant for American security officials who kept a detailed list of accusations against Quezon—ranging from corruption to murder—that they could use to destroy Quezon if he ever ceased being “a loyal constabulary asset,” McCoy wrote. Gwekoh, Sol H. Manuel L. Quezon: His Life and Career; A Philippine President Biography. (9 October 1914): 16383. 65Hearings before the Senate Committee on the Philippines, S. 381: Government of the Philippines, 64th Cong., 1st sess. Commissioned as a second lieutenant, he saw little action, but rose to captain and served on Aguinaldo’s staff. 78Quirino, Quezon: Paladin of Philippine Freedom: 114–118. From their first term in the assembly until Quezon’s death, Osmeña and Quezon went back and forth in one of the Philippines’ foremost political rivalries, vying for control over both the party and their country.15, After serving just one term in the Philippine assembly, Quezon looked nearly 9,000 miles away for his next political challenge. Osmeña received a law degree from the University of Santo Tomás, Manila, in 1903. A finding aid is available in the repository and online. Ruby R. Paredes (Quezon City, PI: Ateneo de Manila University Press, 1988): 114–160; Theodore Friend, Between Two Empires: The Ordeal of the Philippines, 1929–1946 (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1965): 151–195. (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1913): 125. “These delegates have no vote,” Harrison later wrote about his friend, “but they are given a voice in the House, and the voice of Mr. Quezon was worth many votes.… His brilliant speeches made an impression upon Congress, and every American Representative who heard him felt sympathy for this young man so ably pleading for the independence of his race.”49, Quezon and Harrison disagreed on one key issue, however: the urgency of independence. The keystone of Quezon’s social thought is social justice and all its implication, including; a. Manuel L. Quezon, from Nipa house to Malacanan. He resumed his studies in 1897, but when hostilities began between the United States and the Philippines in February 1899, Quezon joined General Emilio Aguinaldo’s forces. “This ends my work in Congress,” he told the Associated Press after the vote. 44Stanley, A Nation in the Making: 174; “Quezon for Independence,” 1 April 1912, New York Tribune: 7. Luisa died in infancy.80, Quezon also kept one foot in Washington. 18“Ocampo Much Disappointed,” 22 May 1909, Manila Times: 1; “Ocampo Not Puzzled,” 20 May 1909, Washington Post: 12. Wilson, who bluntly told Quezon he did not think leaders in Manila would ever be able to unite the Philippines’ diverse population, worried that independence would distract U.S. voters from other issues.45, Over the summer of 1912, however, Wilson walked back his opposition, giving Quezon the opening he needed. Earnshaw, meanwhile, went home to the Philippines to rally support for the bill.55, Under Quezon’s guidance, the House cleared the rule governing debate after two hours of discussion. The Philippines' first president, Manuel Quezon and U.S. High Commissioner to the Philippines, Paul McNutt, devised a strategy to grant visas to … 1878-1947, 3.6 linear feet. See Michael Paul Onorato, “Quezon and Independence: A Reexamination,” Philippine Studies 37, no. His campaign showed his native political wisdom when he sided with popular issues in a somewhat opportunistic manner. He undertook an enormous social justice program which introduced a minimum wage law, eight-hour work day, a tenancy law for the Filipino farmers in addition to establishing the court of Industrial Relations to mediate disputes. See also Lindley Miller Garrison to Woodrow Wilson, 19 January 1914, in The Papers of Woodrow Wilson, vol. 2Congressional Record, House, 65th Cong., 2nd sess. In the Francis Bowes Sayre Papers, ca. With an introduction by Alejandro R. Roces. 29: 149; “ ‘Watchful Waiting,’ His Policy,” 12 February 1914, Washington Post: 3; “Philippine Bill Offers Independence,” 4 June 1914, Christian Science Monitor: 7; “Early Independence of Philippines Urged,” 21 August 1914, Indianapolis Star: 16; “Step to Free Islands,” 21 August 1914, Washington Post: 3. His political allies also reprimanded him for the act. 19“Legarda and Quezon Chosen,” 15 May 1909, Manila Times: 1; “Quezon for Ocampo’s Seat”; Congressional Directory, 64th Cong., 1st sess. ___. Manila: McCullough Printing Company, 1935. Address of the President of the Commonwealth of the Philippines, Manuel L. Quezon. See Peter W. Stanley, A Nation in the Making: The Philippines and the United States, 1899–1921 (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1974): 127–129; Cullinane, Illustrado Politics: 286–315; Quirino, Quezon: Paladin of Philippine Freedom: 77–81. 55Congressional Record, House, 63rd Cong., 2nd sess. (2 October 1914): 16079. Manuel Quezon dominated our country’s politics from 1916 to the early 1940s. Jones’s version quickly passed the House.72, Assuming that this version of the bill would again die in the Senate, Quezon was crushed. Quezon’s complicated campaign for governor is discussed in detail in Cullinane, “The Politics of Collaboration in Tayabas Province”: 79–81. 1786-1957, 278,700 items ; 1,160 containers plus 35 oversize ; 459 linear feet ; 542 microfilm reels. Manuel L. Quezon Quotes. 48Ibid., 198–201; Harrison, The Corner-Stone of Philippine Independence: 3–4; “Not A Good Philippine Counsellor,” 29 August 1913, New York Tribune: 6. In the 1941 presidential elections, he got a landslide victory, beating former Senator Juan Sumulong with nearly 82% votes. About independence, preferring a permanent political link to the Philippines’ older what did manuel quezon do for his country more staid Resident Commissioner, he Tagalog! 256 ; Quirino, Quezon was quick to name a replacement.82 independence, the Philippines ( New Tribune! 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