", "Alternative Opportunities for Small Farms:Alligator Production Review", "Gator Maters: Florida farmers find lucrative business mating alligators", Why the Gulf Coast needs more big alligators, Central African slender-snouted crocodile (, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=American_alligator&oldid=992112356, Native American cuisine of the Southeastern Woodlands, Articles with dead external links from December 2017, Articles with permanently dead external links, Articles with dead external links from July 2017, Articles with dead external links from June 2020, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Approximate range of American alligator in the United States. When the jaws are closed, the edges of the upper jaws cover the lower teeth, which fit into the jaws' hollows. [20] Meanwhile, their undersides are cream-colored. Retention ponds, areas flooded from … [60] In fact, the American alligator is found farther from the equator and is more equipped to handle cooler conditions than any other crocodilian. F. Wayne King, John Thorbjarnarson and Carlos Yamashita. There is some debate about about them having an historical range into southeastern Virginia. [118] Allegheny College and San Francisco State University both have Gators as their mascots, as well.[119]. Like the spectacled caiman, this species has a bony nasal ridge, though it is less prominent. [20] Water birds, such as herons and egrets, storks, waterfowl and large dabbling rails such as gallinules or coots, are taken when possible. [106] They may provide a protection service for water birds nesting on islands in freshwater wetlands. [114] According to the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, raw alligator meat contains roughly 200 Calories (840 kJ) per 3-oz (85-g) portion, of which 27 Calories (130 kJ) come from fat. [15] However, the full genome, published in 2014, suggests that the alligator evolved much more slowly than mammals and birds.[16]. [24] The largest American alligator ever killed in Florida was 5.31 m (17 ft 5 in), as reported by the Everglades National Park. [46], When on land, an American alligator moves either by sprawling or walking, the latter involving the reptile lifting its belly off the ground. [101] Young alligators grow 3–8 in (7.6–20.3 cm) a year and reach adulthood at 6 ft (1.8 m). [39] Weight at sexual maturity per one study was stated as averaging 30 kg (66 lb) while adult weight was claimed as 160 kg (350 lb). The American alligator is capable of biting through a turtle's shell or a moderately sized mammal bone. Juveniles can perform a high-pitched hatchling call (a "yelping" trait common to many crocodilian species' hatchling young)[93] to alert their mothers when they are ready to emerge from the nest. To the north, we may imagine that they stop somewhere around Disney World. They cause serious damage to coastal marshes and may dig burrows in levees. They could only survive in captivity, as they are very vulnerable to the sun and predators. They can, however, move quickly for short distances. But, in fact, they already range a long way up from Florida. The superfamily Alligatoroidea includes all crocodilians (fossil and extant) that are more closely related to the American alligator than to either the Nile crocodile or the gharial.[12]. GATOR VICTIMS. This latest sighting is one of several confirmed sightings of alligators in Southwest Tennessee. Estimated to be between 426.72 cm and 457.2 cm when spotted, This page was last edited on 3 December 2020, at 15:43. It is distinguished from the sympatric American crocodile by its broader snout, with overlapping jaws and darker coloration, and is less tolerant of saltwater but more tolerant of cooler climates than the American crocodile, which is found only in tropical climates. As human populations increase, and as they build houses in low-lying areas or fish or hunt near water, incidents are inevitable where humans intrude on American alligators. [111] At least 28 fatal attacks by American alligators have occurred in the United States since 1970. The American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis), sometimes referred to colloquially as a gator or common alligator, is a large crocodilian reptile native to the Southeastern United States, with a small population in Mexico. The conservation status of the American alligator is listed as least concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. Domestic American alligators range from long and slender to short and robust, possibly in response to variations in factors such as growth rate, diet, and climate. Today, alligator farming is a large, growing industry in Georgia, Florida, Texas, and Louisiana. Domestic American alligators range from long and slender to short and robust, possibly in response to variations in factors such as growth rate, diet, and climate. [21][108] American alligator bites are serious injuries due to the reptile's sheer bite force and risk of infection. In Lake Griffin, fish made up 54% of the diet by weight, with catfish being most commonly consumed, while in Lake Apopka, fish made up 90% of the food and mostly shad were taken; in Lake Woodruff, the diet was 84% fish and largely consists of bass and sunfish. States began monitoring their American alligator populations to ensure that they would continue to grow. or 454 kilograms), according to the Smithsonian National Zoological Park. I've never heard anything about Alligators in VA, but I also live in the mountains. Crocodiles have an olive green or brown body coloration.. Alligators are darker in colour: blackish or gray is usually the norm.. 8. But, in fact, they already range a long way up from Florida. [92] The American alligator can perform specific vocalizations to declare territory, signal distress, threaten competitors, and locate suitable mates. Sounds ranged from 50 to 1200 Hz. Alligators and crocodiles are in different families. The American alligator is a relatively large species of crocodilian. Alligators and caimans split in North America during the late Cretaceous, and the caimans reached South America by the Paleogene, before the closure of the Isthmus of Panama during the Neogene period, from about 23 to 2.58 Mya. [56], They inhabit swamps, streams, rivers, ponds, and lakes. The Chinese alligator likely descended from a lineage that crossed the Bering land bridge during the Neogene. [83] American alligators prevent predatory mammals from reaching island-based rookeries and in return eat spilled food and birds that fall from their nests. Size. Adult male American alligators measure 3.4 to 4.6 m (11.2 to 15.1 ft) in length, and can weigh up to 453 kg (999 lb). [72], Recently, a population of Burmese pythons became established in Everglades National Park. Mandy Stokes' alligator declared new SCI World Record, https://www.grunge.com/127199/19-foot-alligator-the-fascinating-true-story/, https://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/fl-xpm-1996-08-18-9608230262-story.html, https://ourplnt.com/largest-alligator-ever-measured/#axzz6PMgZn9Tf, https://www.fox13news.com/news/watch-massive-gator-strolls-through-palmetto-golf-course, https://www.foxnews.com/science/famous-15-foot-gator-named-chubbs-returns-to-florida-golf-course, https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/19/us/chubbs-alligator-florida.html, https://www.5newsonline.com/article/sports/outdoors/arkansas-man-kills-alligator-dumas/91-3053dbe7-bdac-424f-bdb9-0caeae80435a, "Pathology, physiologic parameters, tissue contaminants, and tissue thiamine in morbid and healthy central Florida adult American alligators (, 10.1668/0003-1569(2000)040[0585:sfawto]2.0.co;2, "Comparison of bite-force performance between long-term captive and wild American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis)", "Insights into the Ecology and Evolutionary Success of Crocodilians Revealed through Bite-Force and Tooth-Pressure Experimentation", "Locomotion in alligator mississippiensis: kinematic effects of speed and posture and their relevance to the sprawling-to-erect paradigm", "Kinematics of undulatory swimming in the American alligator", "Recruitment of the diaphragmaticus, ischiopubis and other respiratory muscles to control pitch and roll in the American alligator (. [44] Some American alligators are missing or have an inhibited gene for melanin, which makes them albino. 9 p. Available at: McLaughlin, Eliott C.; Almasy, Steve and Shoichet, Catherine E. (2016-06-16), International Union for Conservation of Nature, List of fatal alligator attacks in the United States, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T46583A3009637.en, "SEARCHING FOR THE NORTHERN AND SOUTHERN DISTRIBUTION LIMITS OF TWO CROCODILIAN SPECIES: Alligator mississippiensis AND Crocodylus moreletii IN SOUTH TEXAS, US, AND IN NORTHERN TAMAULIPAS, MEXICO", American Alligators, American Alligator Pictures, American Alligator Facts – National Geographic, "Social Displays of the American Alligator (, "Phylogenetic approach toward crocodylian history", "The complete mitochondrial genome of Alligator mississippiensis and the separation between recent archosauria (birds and crocodiles)", "Three crocodilian genomes reveal ancestral patterns of evolution among archosaurs", 10.1638/1042-7260(2000)031[0303:mamawa]2.0.co;2, "Crocodilian Species—American Alligator (, "Record gator caught in Southwest Arkansas", Everglades National Park Flora & Fauna Page, It's official! And depending on where you live, global warming could be moving alligators into your backyard. The fundamental frequency has been influenced by the glottal gap size and subglottal pressure and when the phonation threshold pressure has been exceeded, there will be vocal fold vibration.[91]. Since 1948, 257 documented attacks on humans in Florida (about five incidents per year) have been reported, of which an estimated 23 resulted in death. Alligator holes are an oasis during the Everglades dry season, so are consequently important foraging sites for other organisms. I live outside Atlanta and sometimes I worry about swamps near our house, ... how far north in Georgia can you find alligators. Historically, hunting had decimated their population, and the American alligator was listed as an endangered species by the Endangered Species Act of 1973. 7. Alligators are hemmed in to a narrower band of habitat today. Fossil alligatoroids have been found throughout Eurasia, because bridges across both the North Atlantic and the Bering Strait connected North America to Eurasia about 66 to 23 Mya. In that year, a printer made a spur-of-the-moment decision to print an alligator emblem on a shipment of the school's football pennants. [58], Nutria were introduced into coastal marshes from South America in the mid-20th century, and their population has since exploded into the millions. [42] Given that female American alligators have relatively higher survival rates at an early age and a large percentage of given populations consists of immature or young breeding American alligators, relatively few large mature males of the expected mature length of 3.4 m (11 ft 2 in) or more are typically seen. Alligators are usually found in freshwater, slow-moving rivers. These states produce a combined annual total of some 45,000 alligator hides. The species is the official state reptile of three states: Florida, Louisiana, and Mississippi. 2 years ago. [45], The teeth number 74–80. Therefore, the two forms of land locomotion can be termed the "low walk" and the "high walk". This site states they occur as far north as the North Carolina-Virginia border, and to Texas. In 1987, the USFWS removed the animal from the endangered species list, as it was considered to be fully recovered. [74][75] Although American alligators have been listed as predators of West Indian manatees, very little evidence exists of such predation. There are approximately 200,000-250,000 alligators in the state of Georgia. [88], In East Texas, diets were diverse and adult American alligators took mammals, reptiles, amphibians, and invertebrates (e.g. Alligators have a wider, rounded U-shaped snout while crocs have a more pointed V-shaped snout. As the frequency increases, there's high tension and large strains. The American alligator is the official state reptile of Florida,[115] Louisiana,[116] and Mississippi. Large adult American alligators tend to be relatively robust and bulky compared to other similar-length crocodilians; for example, captive males measuring 3 to 4 m (9 ft 10 in to 13 ft 1 in) were found to weigh 200 to 350 kg (440 to 770 lb), although captive specimens may outweigh wild specimens due to lack of hunting behavior and other stressors. [110] Only nine fatal attacks occurred in the United States throughout the 1970s–1990s, but American alligators killed 12 people between 2001 and 2007. [79] American alligator predation on American black bears has also been recorded. Killed by Max Touchet, a game warden on Marsh Island following an attempted live capture. [55], Historically, hunting and habitat loss have severely affected American alligator populations throughout their range, and whether the species would survive was in doubt. Throughout the year, in particular during the breeding season, American alligators bellow to declare territory and locate suitable mates. read more, But I have seen alligators and caimans available at pet stores, and every once in a while, someone releases a pet alligator into a river or lake in hopes that it will survive in the wild (I guess). Both males and females bellow loudly by sucking air into their lungs and blowing it out in intermittent, deep-toned roars to attract mates and declare territory. In Georgia, they typically live along and south of the fall line (which roughly traverses the cities of Columbus, Macon and Augusta). [23] In Arkansas, a man killed an American alligator that was 4.04 m (13 ft 3 in) and 626 kg (1,380 lb). Anyway, yeah, North Carolina is as far north as they go, Eastern Texas is as far west as they go. [18] A specimen that was 4.8 m (15 ft 9 in) long and weighed 458.8 kg (1,011.5 lb) is the largest American alligator killed in Alabama and has been declared the SCI world record in 2014. Most American alligators eat a wide variety of animals, including invertebrates, fish, birds, turtles, snakes, amphibians, and mammals. [46] American alligators have broad snouts, especially in captive individuals. [72][71], Other animals may occasionally be eaten, even large deer or feral wild boars, but these are not normally part of the diet. When the young begin to hatch — their "yelping" calls can sometimes even be heard just before hatching commences — the mother quickly digs them out and carries them to the water in her mouth,[22] as some other crocodilian species are known to do. [20][21], During the 19th and 20th centuries, larger males reaching 5 to 6 m (16 ft 5 in to 19 ft 8 in) have been reported. Females are smaller, measuring 2.6 to 3 m (8.5 to 9.8 ft) in length. [89], An American alligator is able to abduct and adduct the vocal folds of its larynx, but not to elongate or shorten them; yet in spite of this, it can modulate fundamental frequency very well. Similar to many other reptiles that range expansively into temperate zones, American alligators from the northern end of their range, such as southern Arkansas, Alabama, and northern North Carolina, tend to reach smaller sizes. [72] In this way, the vital ecological service they provide may be important in reducing rates of coastal wetland losses in Louisiana. Hence, Louisiana has had a bounty to try to reduce nutria numbers. Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency - Alligators. In 2018, several sightings of animals that had moved north into West Tennessee were confirmed. The construction of nests along the periphery of alligator holes, as well as a buildup of soils during the excavation process, provides drier areas for other reptiles to nest and a place for plants that are intolerant of inundation to colonize. [99] The female builds a nest of vegetation, sticks, leaves, and mud in a sheltered spot in or near the water. Their range extends down to southern Florida and includes the Everglades. [90] Their vocal folds consists of epithelium, lamina propria and muscle. [22], Adult American alligators held the record as having the strongest laboratory-measured bite of any living animal, measured at up to 13,172 N (1,343.2 kgf; 2,961 lbf). Since the late 1880s, alligator wrestling has been a source of entertainment for some. (2010). Substantial American alligator populations in the Everglades may be a contributing factor in keeping the python populations low, preventing the spread of the species north. The sprawling of American alligators and other crocodylians is not similar to that of salamanders and lizards, being similar to walking. [54], American alligators are in no position of being endangered currently even though from the 1800 to the mid-1900 they were prone to being hunted and poached by humans but in 1987 the U.S. [17] Weight varies considerably depending on length, age, health, season, and available food sources. [100] The female remains near the nest throughout the 65-day incubation period, protecting it from intruders. [7][8] In Newnans Lake, Florida, adult males averaged 73.2 kg (161 lb) in weight and 2.47 m (8 ft 1 in) in length, while adult females averaged 55.1 kg (121 lb) and measured 2.22 m (7 ft 3 in). Captured alive by John Avery and died en route to the Smithsonian Institution after a sailor poured green paint on its back. While alligators move very quickly in water, they are generally slow-moving on land. Both sexes may den underneath banks or clumps of trees during the winter. While you might find the occasional alligator and plenty of alligator gar in Texas, rest assured, that Texas is not like Florida that is abundant with alligators who can be dangerous. Fossils identical to the existing American alligator are found throughout the Pleistocene, from 2.5 million to 11.7 thousand years ago. Alligators are naturally expanding their range into Tennessee from the southern border states. RANGE Alligators occur from the southern tip of Texas to the northeastern part of North Carolina. [22] Hatchlings gather into pods and are guarded by their mother and keep in contact with her through their "yelping" vocalizations. They are opportunists and their diet is determined largely by both their size and age and the size and availability of prey. Most of North Carolina's alligators are found in its southeastern corner. Hatchlings mostly feed on invertebrates such as insects, insect larvae, snails, spiders, and worms. [4][5][6][7][8] The American alligator inhabits freshwater wetlands, such as marshes and cypress swamps from Tamaulipas in Mexico to southeastern and coastal North Carolina. The American alligator was first classified by French zoologist François Marie Daudin as Crocodilus mississipiensis in 1801. Young American alligators eat small fish, frogs, crayfish, and insects. The American alligator has a large, dark, slightly rounded body and thick limbs. [97] Observers of large bellowing choruses have noted they are often felt more than they are heard due to the intense infrasound emitted by males. ", http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/herpetology/links/cooperative-feeding, "Demographic and geographic variation in food habits of American alligators (, "Subglottal pressure and fundamental frequency control in contact calls of juvenile Alligator mississippiensis", "Functional morphology of the Alligator mississippiensis larynx with implications for vocal production", https://defenders.org/american-alligator/basic-fact, Male alligator "sprinkling" while bellowing in near-infrasound during courtship, "Social Displays of the American Alligator", "Alligators in B Flat? [65], American alligators have been documented using lures to hunt prey such as birds. [41] In the saltwater crocodile, for example, the females are only slightly larger at average (2.4 m (7 ft 10 in) in the American alligator, 2.6 m (8 ft 6 in) in the saltwater crocodile) than female American alligators, but the mature males, at 4.3 to 5.2 m (14 ft 1 in to 17 ft 1 in) typically, as opposed to 2.4 to 4 m (7 ft 10 in to 13 ft 1 in) expected in mature male American alligators, are considerably bigger than male American alligators and at median are nearly twice as long as and at least four times as heavy as the female saltwater crocodiles of the same species. Part of north Carolina personnel in west Tennessee were confirmed survive frigid temperatures by in... And insects the problem here in Florida is that everywhere there 's alligators are extremely rare almost. Crocodylians is not often seen, since if disturbed, they already a! Species list, as they did fish in 2018, several sightings of alligators in the Alligatoridae! 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