However, all the bacterial were present in soil amended with layer chicken droppings 5% and 10% throughout the period of bioremediation and absent all throughout the contaminated soil sample plus 2% formaline solution. isolated from soil This research was aimed to isolate cellulolytic fungi showing hyper-cellulase activity. Soil samples (about 250 g) were collected in 500 ml sterile polythene bags from agricultural field, garbaged area and industrial area. | These fruits are usually displayed on benches and in baskets for prospective customers in the open markets until sold, thereby exposing them to further microbial infection beside those associated with fruit surface and those from adjacent infected fruits2,3. frequency of occurrence; fruits; fungi; pathogenic; prevalence. Soil samples collected were taken to the laboratory for isolation of Aspergillus niger using potato dextrose agar (PDA). and Rhizopus spp. and Rhizopus sp. Isolation, Identification and Screening of fungus The stock solution of soil was prepared by mixing 1 gm of soil in 10 ml distilled The study reveals the potential of various A spergillus niger isolates from different soil in the production of pectinase. Fusarium avenaceum followed with the frequency of occurrence of 31% in fruits such as pineapple, watermelon, oranges, pawpaw, and tomatoes while Penicillium digitatum and Rhizopus stolonifer had the least frequency of 4% each in tomato; and … This finding was also in conformity with that of Baiyewu et al . The step was using shotgun approach. Aspergillus were dominant. Healthy samples were surface sterilized with 0.1% HgCl. Isolation, identification, and characterization of an Aspergillus niger bioflocculant-producing strain using potato starch wastewater as nutrilite and its application PLoS One . and Aspergilus fumigatus among the spoilt fruits indicated the degree of pathenogenicity conferred by the family Aspergillaceae in inducing fruits spoilage. Some of these isolated fungal species produce toxins that could cause severe food poisoning and other potential health hazards. Similarly, Ali (2002) have reported maximum amount of citric acid production (99.56 ± 3.59 g l-1) achieved by Aspergillus niger GCBT7 at 30°C. Anand However, Aspergillus niger was the most predominant species while Alternaria sp. 2019 Nov 30;24(1):68. doi: 10.1186/s12199-019-0825-5. Okereke et al.21 reported that A. niger, Alternaria species, Botryodiplodia theobromae and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides were isolated from the spoilt mangoes. The quantities of the appropriate medium or base medium were weighed. Results: The result obtained indicated the presence of 7 different fungal species: Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, A. fumigatus, Aspergillus sp., Rhizopus stolonifer, Mucor mucedo and Alternaria sp. Pathogenicity test: Pathogenicity test was carried out to know if the isolated fungi were really responsible for the spoilage of the fruits. However, despite such tremendous benefits of fruits, their existence and life span is threatened by several factors among which are: Climate change, pests, inadequate rainfall and fungal attack. (2001) isolated different strains of Aspergillus niger by using xylene agar malt extract HHS Identification of fungal isolates: Fungal isolates obtained from the slant were identified based on their gross morphology such as colony growth pattern, conidial morphology and pigmentation by slide culture techniques12. The mineral portion of soil results from the actions of Weathering and erosion on rock (Dannis, 2012). Conclusion: It was concluded that, seven fungal species were found to be responsible for the deterioration of fruits in Utako market. Nahrung. Thin sections of the rotten fruits were obtained using a sterile blade and inoculated onto PDA media and incubation was carried out at 27°C for 5 days. Public health risks related to food safety issues in the food market: a systematic literature review. In Table 9, Aspergillus niger. The infected fruits were surface sterilized with cotton wool soaked in 0.1% mercury chloride (HgCl) for 2 min then rinsed 3 times with distilled water. Find NCBI SARS-CoV-2 literature, sequence, and clinical content: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sars-cov-2/. as fruits spoilage agent in this research was in conformity with the findings of Ewekeye et al.17 among the spoilt fruits vended in some selected markets in Lagos. Pathogenicity test: The Pathogenicity test was represented in Table 3. Aspergillus niger had the highest occurrence in pineapple, watermelon, oranges, pawpaw, and tomatoes with a frequency of 38%. Chukwuka et al.3 reported Rhizopus nigricans, A. flavus, A. niger, Fusarium spp. Various colonies observed in the plates were distinguished on the basis of their cultural characteristics such as colony size, shape, colour, consistency and haemolytic characteristics as described by Fawole and Oso11. Ikhiwili O.M. Even during refrigeration some microbes such as moulds and other fungi produce mycotoxins of various types that are harmful to the consumers4. Mailafia et al.18, who isolated and reported Aspergillus niger as the most dominant mycological flora that was associated with spoilage of fruits. The presence of Aspergillus spp. 2.2. Isolated Fungi 1 Aspergillus sp. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. genes. Isolation and screening of a hyper producer strain plays a key role in the production of enzyme (Haq et al., 2002b). Materials and Methods Isolation and molecular identification of bacteria The root and rhizosphere soil of the plant Suaeda nudi-flora wild mosque were used for the isolation of bacte-ria, according to our previously published method (Jha 2017). The morphological characteristics and appearance of the fungal isolates from the rotten fruits used in this study were confirmed and authenticated with the help of mycological atlas of Domsch et al.14. 2018 Jan 5;13(1):e0190236. (Aspergillus japonicus), C. (Aspergillus flavus), | DOI: 10.15406/apar.2018.08.00377 Table 2 Frequency of Occurrences of the Isolated Fungi Fungal Isolate Number of Occurrences Aspergillus niger 5 Aspergillus fumigatus 5 Aspergillus oryzae 3 Rhizopus oryzae 1 The finding was also in conformity with the findings of Gadgile and Chavan19 on the isolation of fungal pathogens from fruits stored and sold in the market. Isolation and Identification o f Fungal Species . The pathogenic fungi species associated with fruits spoilage in this study are of economical and public health significance. Kutsai et al. Culture media preparation: Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) containing chloramphenicol (30 mg mL1) were used. Characterization of fungal flora: The characterization of fungal flora from fruits obtained in Utako market was presented in Table 1. 2012:5–6. Inside and Beyond Color: Comparative Overview of Functional Quality of Tomato and Watermelon Fruits. 2006;709:45–51. Fungal food spoilage of supermarkets' displayed fruits. Agar disc containing 1 week old fungal culture were aseptically placed in these holes, then covered and sealed off by means of petroleum jelly. The point of inoculation of each type of fungus was examined and recorded. Numerous microbial defects of agricultural crops are characterized by the types of micro-organisms responsible for their deterioration1. Some strains of A. niger have been reported to produce potent mycotoxins called ochratoxins that can be harmful to human beings and animals. Identification of fungi such as Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium oxysporum, Trichoderma sp. The result showed the occurrence of 7 different fungal species distributed among the spoilt fruits. USA.gov. was carried out by culturing on potato dextrose and sabouraud’s dextrose agar media and microscopic method. However, the value obtained for the prevalence of A. niger which caused a disease called black mold on certain fruits and produced potent mycotoxins called ochratoxins that can be harmful to human beings and animals, was higher than the one reported by Mailafia et al.18 who reported the highest occurrence of 38%. National Center for Biotechnology Information, Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. The Aspergillus niger has grown well at 30 °C and produced maximum amount of citric acid (80.68 g l-1) followed by 20 °C with 74.21 g l-1 of citric acid (Fig. Materials and Methods: One hundred fruits comprising of 70 spoilt ones and 30 healthy ones were collected from the market and transported to the laboratory. The inoculated samples and the control were placed in sterile polythene bags and incubated at 28°C for 14 days. as responsible for the soft rots of orange fruits in Nigeria. The samples were kept in the refrigerator at 4°C before laboratory mycological analysis. The suspension was serially diluted to 10-6 and 0.1 mL was pipetted onto The result also showed that Alternaria sp. In: Prasad D, editor. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Droby S. Improving quality and safety of fresh fruits and vegetables after harvest by the use of biocontrol agents and natural materials. A small portion of the aerial mycelia from the representative culture was picked using a sterile inoculating needle and inoculated on a slide containing a fraction of a prepared solidified potato dextrose agar and incubated for 48 h, after which it was viewed under the light microscope first with low resolution objective of x10 and then with high resolution objective of x40 to detect spore, hyphae and other special structures according to the methods described by Barnett13. Ilahy R, Tlili I, Siddiqui MW, Hdider C, Lenucci MS. Front Plant Sci. A … 2019 Nov;12(11):1877-1883. doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2019.1877-1883. 1995 May;130(2):109-16. doi: 10.1007/BF01103459. The pathogenicity tests showed that the fungal isolates affected all the fruits but information is still needed to compare the effect of the fungal isolates on sugar and nutritive content of the fruits. Epub 2019 Nov 29. Annual reports have shown that 20% of fruits and vegetables produced are lost to spoilage. Conclusion: Sustainable Pest Management. Mycopathologia. Fruits are fertilized ovaries that served as vital sources of nutrient to man. Based on the finding of this study, some fungi were isolated and various literature indicated that the fungal species isolated were known to produce toxins that could cause severe food poisoning and other potential health hazards, there is a need for proper orientation for the vendors on using hygienic ways of storing fruits and also proper washing of the fruits in saline water before consumption. Isolation of Fungi . Introduction. This was followed by suspending the weighed amount of the media in 400 mL of distilled water. The morphologic identification proved useful for some species, such as A. carbonarius and Aspergillus sp UFLA DCA 01, despite not having been totally effective in elucidating species related to A. niger. The collected soil samples were brought to the laboratory for microbial isolation. had the lowest percentage occurrence of 3.12%. The texture of the soil was observed to be sandy, with ... Penicillium sp., Aspergillus terreus DMW-5, Trichoderma sp., Aspergillus terreus DMW-7 and Aspergillus niger. The diameter of the rotten portion of the fruits was measured and the fungi were later re-isolated from the inoculated samples and compared with the initial isolates15. Among fifteen fungal isolates studied from these five zones Aspergillus parvisclerotigenus was potent for pectinase production next to Aspergillus niger in form of halozone of 0.6 mm. This study discovered the prevalence of fungi responsible for deterioration of fruits sold in Utako market, Abuja, Nigeria that can be beneficial for providing an insight on fungi causing spoilage and methods of preventing such spoilage. The fungal isolates were sub-cultured on to PDA slants to obtain pure isolates. 3 who isolated A. niger and R. stolonifer from pawpaw in Nigeria. However, there was no significant difference in the fungal load of the various fruits studied (analysis of variance=478.2857, p<0.05, F=4.680067 and df=34). eCollection 2019. Afr. Glycaemic response to some commonly eaten fruits in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Biotechnol Rep (Amst). Al-Hindi R.R, Al-Najada A.R, Mohamed S.A. 2019 Jun 13;10:769. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00769. ao Seth RK, Alam S, Shukla DN (216) Isolation and identification of Soil Fungi from Wheat Cultivated Area of Uttar Pradesh.J Plant Pathol Microbiol 7: 384. doi: 10.4172/2157-7471.1000384 Page 2 of 3 oe e 3 Pa Pao oo a oe ae oa 2 S. No. The study collected soil samples from three (3) different mechanic workshops soil. during the isolation process and dominated with flavusAspergillus from both the maize and soil. Alternaria sp. ecosystem particularly soil, often with undesirable effects. https://scialert.net/abstract/?doi=jas.2019.15.19, Microscopic characterization of fungal isolates from spoilt fruits in Utako market, Abuja, O: Orange, B: Banana, PA: Pawpaw, PI: Pineapple, WM: Water melon, PU: Pumpkin, TO: Tomato, PE: Pepper, Prevalence of fungal isolates on the spoilt fruits from Utako market, Pathogenicity of fungal isolates on the fruits from Utako market. Studies on fungi associated with tomato fruits and effectiveness of some commercial fungicides against three pathogens. was the least common. 1979;23(2):105-9. doi: 10.1002/food.19790230202. The procedure was repeated separately across each of the fungal isolates. Among fifteen fungal isolates studied from these five zones Aspergillus parvisclerotigenus was potent for Aim: Isolation and Identification of BTEX-utilizing Fungi from Soil Polluted with Petroleum hydrocarbons ... soil has a characteristic gasoline odour and black in color. Fusarium avenaceum followed with the frequency of occurrence of 31% in fruits such as pineapple, watermelon, oranges, pawpaw, and tomatoes while Penicillium digitatum and Rhizopus stolonifer had the least frequency of 4% each in tomato; and orange and tomato, respectively. These mycotoxins have low molecular weight and toxic secondary metabolites from some species of fungi. Results: Aspergillus niger had the highest occurrence in pineapple, watermelon, oranges, pawpaw, and tomatoes with a frequency of 38%. The isolation was directly from the agricultural soils and decaying woods materials. New Delhi, India: Daya Publishing House; 2007. All the Aspergillus niger isolates demonstrated the potential for pectinase production. The study was conducted in Gwagwalada metropolis, Gwagwalada Area Council of the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, Nigeria. The Petri dishes were labelled appropriately and stored in the refrigerator for later use. This finding was also in conformity with that of Baiyewu et al.2 and Chukwuka et al.3 who isolated A. niger and R. stolonifer from pawpaw in Nigeria. Singh D, Sharma R.R. 18, who isolated and reported Aspergillus niger as the most dominant mycological flora that was associated with spoilage of fruits. Res. Other fungal species were identified as yeast (Saccharomyces species) (10%), Fusarium solani (8%), and Aspergillus flavus (5%). Samples of the raw effluent was collected Furthermore, Bali et al.20 stated that A. niger was the cause of post-harvest spoilage in sweet orange and acid lime at field. Potential cellulase-producing fungi were isolated from different soil … 2 and Chukwuka et al . Moreso, the presence of 4 different species of Aspergilus: Aspergilus niger, Aspergilus flavus, Aspergilus spp. COVID-19 is an emerging, rapidly evolving situation. MBFA18 produced by A18 showed excellent flocculating efficiency under the optimal cultivation condition (PSW with the addition of 5950 mg/L COD, 20 g/L glucose dosage, 10 g/L urea and without the addition of phosphorus source … The media were heated to boil over Bunsen flame until the agar melts. (Aspergillus niger), B. The use of microbial technologies in agriculture is currently expanding quite rapidly with the identification of new bacterial strains, which are more effective in promoting plant growth. The result indicated that, Rhizopus stolonifer had the highest pathogenicity producing largest rotten area of 52 mm in diameter while Aspergillus spp. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190236. The post-harvest fruit rots of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum) in Nigeria. Vet World. However, the pathogenic microbes cause infections or allergies6. was the least. The fungal culture Aspergillus niger used in the present study was isolated from the forest soil [18 Srilakshmi A, Narasimha G. Production of cellulases by fungal cultures isolated from forest litter soil. The highest prevalence rate was 70% of A. niger from orange followed by F. avenaceum of which 65% isolates were recovered from pawpaw. The isolation of the species of the Nigri Section on Creatine Sucrose Agar (CREA) enabled to This research was carried out to investigate the types of fungal flora associated with the spoilage of fruits at Utako market, Abuja, Nigeria. On the basis of tolerance to endosulfan, an isolate, identified as Aspergillus niger was selected for further RESULTS: Aspergillus niger had the highest occurrence in pineapple, watermelon, oranges, pawpaw, and tomatoes with a frequency of 38%. Thus a new theory on microbial spoilage may be arrived at. 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Collected were taken to the manufacturer ’ s 28S rDNA sequence also had some significant identity ( 90... Produce toxins that could cause severe food poisoning and other fungi species potato dextrose agar ( CREA ) to... Diameter rotten surface harmful to human beings and animals tomato ( Lycopersicum Esculentum ) in Nigeria from! Various changes in which they becomes less palatable or taste, smell, appearance or texture 24 1... Added to 100mL of the fungal isolates were sub-cultured on to PDA slants to obtain isolates! The data collected were taken to the manufacturer ’ s dextrose agar ( CREA ) enabled to.... Vegetables produced are lost to spoilage vegetables and their low pH values make particularly... Oil in the present work Aspergillus dominated over other fungi produce mycotoxins of various types that are harmful to beings... Of contaminated soil was carried out morphological examination using the method of Bukar et al.8 with aluminium foil and autoclaved... 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And natural materials based preservation methods are suggested to enhance the keeping quality of tomato and Watermelon fruits study a... ; fruits ; fungi ; pathogenic ; prevalence plugged and wrapped with aluminium and! 1995 may ; 130 ( 2 ):105-9. doi: 10.1007/BF01103459 finding was in conformity with of! And methods: the pathogenic fungi species test was carried out to know if the isolated fungi really. As the most dominant fungal species associated with spoilage of fruits refers to various changes in which they becomes palatable. With Petroleum hydrocarbons... soil has a characteristic gasoline odour and black color... Were allowed to cool to 45°C and the control were placed in sterile polythene bags and incubated ambient! Et al.,1995 also reported preponderant of Aspergillus niger conclusion: it was concluded that, seven fungal species 37.50! Of fruit and vegetables produced are lost to spoilage acidophilic and acid-tolerant fungi with internal pH regulation base were. In sterile polythene bags and incubated at ambient room temperature ( 25°C ) for 7 days have been from. Pathogenic ; prevalence the spoilage Tlili I, Siddiqui MW, Hdider C, Lenucci MS. Front Plant Sci Tlili... A key role in causing fruits spoilage over Bunsen flame until the agar melts and erosion on (.: e0190236 soil dilution of the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, Nigeria indicated that, seven fungal were! In pineapple and pawpaw the culture media were cotton plugged and wrapped with aluminium foil and were autoclaved 121°C!: it was concluded that, seven fungal species produce toxins that could cause severe poisoning. Were heated to boil over Bunsen flame until the agar melts, Tlili I, Siddiqui,. Nov ; 12 ( 11 ):1877-1883. doi: 10.1186/s12199-019-0825-5 across each of the spoilage and Penicillium sp borer. A hyper producer strain plays a key role in the refrigerator at 4°C before laboratory analysis... And erosion on rock ( Dannis, 2012 ) ( 25°C ) for 7 days Siddiqui isolation and identification of aspergillus niger from soil. Tomato ) AE, Eregie a, Adediran OS, Ohwovoriole AE et! 0.05 ) before laboratory mycological analysis soil this research was aimed to isolate cellulolytic fungi showing activity! Are lost to spoilage set of features isolates: the characterization of fungal were! Refrigeration some microbes such as moulds and other potential health hazards before laboratory mycological analysis of Rhizosphere of! Presented in Table 3 Rhizopus spp it ’ s recommendations Haq et,... Aimed to isolate cellulolytic fungi showing hyper-cellulase activity species isolated, while that of Alternaria.... For 14 days 2012 ; 55 ( 1 ): e0190236 refrigeration some microbes as. Growth and development1 are harmful to the consumers4 sterile polythene bags and incubated at for. To food safety issues in the present study 18 strains of Aspergillus niger to causative. Complex of mineral and organic constituents present in solid liquid and gaseous states et al.9 Balali! Materials and methods: the prevalence of fungal isolates was analyzed using simple descriptive statistics ( frequency and mean and! Microscopic method, Mucor and Rhizopus stolonifer was higher than that of Baiyewu et al while sp! Agents and natural materials are characterized by the family Aspergillaceae in inducing fruits spoilage different subspecies Aspergillus. 2 ):109-16. doi: 10.1002/food.19790230202 were sub-cultured on to PDA slants to obtain isolation and identification of aspergillus niger from soil isolates can be to... Some commonly eaten fruits in type 2 diabetes mellitus in pawpaw fruit spoilage from a farm Oyo! Nov ; 12 ( 11 ):1877-1883. doi: 10.1186/s12199-019-0825-5 had the highest isolation and identification of aspergillus niger from soil producing largest rotten area 52... Pathogenicity test was represented in Table 3 fungi associated with tomato fruits collected from markets in Assiut, Egypt response. Polluted with Petroleum hydrocarbons... soil has a characteristic gasoline odour and black in color prevalence of fungal:... Lot of toxigenic fungi have been reported to produce potent mycotoxins called ochratoxins that be! Obtained from Utako market abel-mallek et al.,1995 also reported preponderant of Aspergillus niger Aspergillus niger as the most dominant flora... And Watermelon fruits niger as the most dominant mycological flora that was associated with fruits spoilage ilahy,. Their spoilage stored in the food market: a systematic literature review 1979 ; 23 ( 2:109-16.! Rhizopus nigricans, Mucor mucedo, and Fusarium oxysporum, Trichoderma sp: it was that...
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