letter seal imperial mongols translation wikipedia visible messageIt was an unfair game, either the Europeans give up their names or they give up their lives.

pope vatican archives letters khan mongolAppendix Guyuk Khan's Letter to Pope Innocent IV (1246) ... Of the Chan's Festivals, the Letter to Be Sent to King Louis and Friar William's Return 201.

innocent pope iv letter mongol replica empire khan mongolia museum national history missionaries converting christian persian text seal imperial photographOne of the first communications from the Papacy to the Mongols, the letter appeals to the Mongols to desist from attacking Christians and other nations, and inquires as to the Mongols' future intentions.

Guyuk had Temuge's case investigate by Orda Khan and Mongke, and they had him executed. On 1246 John of Plano Carpini the Franciscan friar and envoy of Pope Innocent IV was sent to Karakorum, the Mongol Capital with a letter from Pope Innocent IV to invite mongols to Christianty. ... 10 Letters Between Pope Innocent IV And Guyuk Khan. --A Letter from Pope Innocent IV to the King… Also, the transcription and … In 1246, Guyuk, a grandson of Khubilai, was enthroned as Khan of the Great Mongol State.The same year this letter was sent to the Pope Innocent IV as a response to an earlier letter. The Italian Catholic priest Plano Carpini was dispatched to the Mongolian steppe to spy on these nomadic people who were becoming more and more powerful and to see the extent of their country, weapons, and customs. In 1246, by the decree of Guyuk, taxes amounting between 1/30 -1/10 of value were imposed on everything and a heavy head tax of 60 silver drams was collected from males in Georgia and Armenia. Innocent also expresses a desire for peace (possibly unaware that in the Mongol vocabulary, "peace" is a synonym for "subjection"). A great correspondence between Pope Innocent IV and Kuyuk (Guyuk) Khan, Genghis Khan’s grandson, after several Mongol (Tartar) incursions into Eastern Europe. He also restored his father's officials, Mahmud Yalavach, Masud Beg and Chinqai to positions in the provinces. A great correspondence between Pope Innocent IV and Kuyuk (Guyuk) Khan, Genghis Khan’s grandson, after several Mongol (Tartar) incursions into Eastern Europe.